Airlines come up with these tactics to make it look as if it’s cheaper. Ryanair are notorious for offering flights for a few pounds, and then have “fees and charges” in the small print. When I was in Dublin airport a couple of years ago (back in the days when air travel in Northern Europe was possible), I saw a book on sale for just 1 cent. It was called “Ruinair”, but on the price sticker, in small print, it said that fees and charges of 12.98 euros apply if you buy it.

ATMs- a bit of a tricky one. Of course, they can charge what they like (ones in train stations and airports like to add charges on). If I walk to the station for a train, then in the first 10 minutes from my home I pass 4 ATMs by different banks, plus 3 outside supermarkets. If one charged, I could go elsewhere. Where the controversy arose was banks wanting to impose charges on customers of other banks for using their ATMs, and where this was in villages where there is only one bank. So, if people wanted to avoid charges, they would have to transfer their bank account to that particular banking company.